Publications
41.
Fritzsche, R.; Festag, A.
Reliability Maximization with Location-Based Scheduling for Cellular-V2X Communications in Highway Scenarios Proceedings Article
In: IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Telecommunications (ITST), Lisbon, Portugal, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, optimization, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Fritzsche:ITST:2018,
title = {Reliability Maximization with Location-Based Scheduling for Cellular-V2X Communications in Highway Scenarios},
author = {R. Fritzsche and A. Festag},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8566935},
doi = {10.1109/ITST.2018.8566935},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-15},
urldate = {2018-12-10},
booktitle = {IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Telecommunications (ITST)},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
abstract = {Advanced applications in intelligent transport systems (ITS) are based on V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communications. In order to share information about, e.g., vehicle status, critical events or perceived objects in the vicinity, respective services suggest direct communication links (device-to-device) among vehicles, as introduced in ITS-G5 and Cellular-V2X. A major challenge for direct communications systems is the utilization of available radio resources.In this work, we present a resource scheduling scheme based on vehicle locations, aiming to maximize the reliability of message transmission in highway scenarios, considering a given bandwidth. The scheme consists of two steps: first we determine the optimal distance between vehicles utilizing equivalent radio resources. We extend our previous work and provide a closed form solution for the outage probability. The quasi-convex expression can be solved with standard optimization algorithms. In the second step, we propose radio resource allocation strategies that rely on the optimal scheduling distance. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme compared to a fixed scheduling distance.},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, optimization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Advanced applications in intelligent transport systems (ITS) are based on V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communications. In order to share information about, e.g., vehicle status, critical events or perceived objects in the vicinity, respective services suggest direct communication links (device-to-device) among vehicles, as introduced in ITS-G5 and Cellular-V2X. A major challenge for direct communications systems is the utilization of available radio resources.In this work, we present a resource scheduling scheme based on vehicle locations, aiming to maximize the reliability of message transmission in highway scenarios, considering a given bandwidth. The scheme consists of two steps: first we determine the optimal distance between vehicles utilizing equivalent radio resources. We extend our previous work and provide a closed form solution for the outage probability. The quasi-convex expression can be solved with standard optimization algorithms. In the second step, we propose radio resource allocation strategies that rely on the optimal scheduling distance. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme compared to a fixed scheduling distance.
42.
Kühlmorgen, S.; Schmarger, P.; Festag, A.; Fettweis, G.
Simulation-based Evaluation of ETSI ITS-G5 and Cellular-VCS in a Real-World Traffic Scenario Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), Chicago, IL, US, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, performance, simulation, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Kuelmorgen:VTCFall:2018,
title = {Simulation-based Evaluation of ETSI ITS-G5 and Cellular-VCS in a Real-World Traffic Scenario},
author = {S. Kühlmorgen and P. Schmarger and A. Festag and G. Fettweis},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8691011},
doi = {10.1109/VTCFall.2018.8691011},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-27},
booktitle = {IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)},
address = {Chicago, IL, US},
abstract = {In recent years, two candidates for vehicular communications have evolved for the support of road safety and traffic efficiency applications. On the one hand, ad-hoc networks exist based on the ITS-G5/802.11p protocol stack, and on the other hand, there are cellular network infrastructures based on an extended LTE stack, which we refer to as Cellular-based Vehicular Communication Systems (Cellular-VCS). The most important extension of the classical LTE stack is a direct link among vehicles which is also called Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. Both approaches meet the requirements on vehicular communications but show technology-inherent mechanisms that result in different performances. ITS-G5 features a small latency at a small network load whereas Cellular-VCS promises a highly reliable packet transmission. One of the main difference of both approaches lies in the channel access which is random-based for ITS-G5 and centrally scheduled for Cellular-VCS. This contribution studies the performance of the two named technologies in a real-world road traffic scenario through comprehensive simulations. The simulation scenario makes use of real road traffic density measurements for modeling the mobility of the vehicles. Mixed network data traffic of periodically and event-based messages is generated through particular generation rules. The results prove that both technologies work stable at moderate road traffic conditions but have significant differences in the quantified communication parameters.},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, performance, simulation, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In recent years, two candidates for vehicular communications have evolved for the support of road safety and traffic efficiency applications. On the one hand, ad-hoc networks exist based on the ITS-G5/802.11p protocol stack, and on the other hand, there are cellular network infrastructures based on an extended LTE stack, which we refer to as Cellular-based Vehicular Communication Systems (Cellular-VCS). The most important extension of the classical LTE stack is a direct link among vehicles which is also called Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. Both approaches meet the requirements on vehicular communications but show technology-inherent mechanisms that result in different performances. ITS-G5 features a small latency at a small network load whereas Cellular-VCS promises a highly reliable packet transmission. One of the main difference of both approaches lies in the channel access which is random-based for ITS-G5 and centrally scheduled for Cellular-VCS. This contribution studies the performance of the two named technologies in a real-world road traffic scenario through comprehensive simulations. The simulation scenario makes use of real road traffic density measurements for modeling the mobility of the vehicles. Mixed network data traffic of periodically and event-based messages is generated through particular generation rules. The results prove that both technologies work stable at moderate road traffic conditions but have significant differences in the quantified communication parameters.
43.
Fritzsche, R.; Festag, A.
Location-Based Scheduling for Cellular V2V Systems in Highway Scenarios Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring), Porto, Portugal, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, optimization, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Fritzsche:VTC:2018,
title = {Location-Based Scheduling for Cellular V2V Systems in Highway Scenarios},
author = {R. Fritzsche and A. Festag},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8417744},
doi = {10.1109/VTCSpring.2018.8417744},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-03},
booktitle = {IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring)},
address = {Porto, Portugal},
abstract = {In intelligent transport systems (ITS), vehicular users broadcast messages with ego information such as position, speed, and other. For exchanging ITS messages directly among vehicles via cellular sidelink transmission, the base station assigns dedicated V2V radio resources for users in coverage. To improve spectral efficiency, the same radio resource can be simultaneously scheduled to multiple vehicles within a cell, e.g., based on a minimum vehicle distance. This distance can be determined by location information obtained from ITS messages. In this work, we introduce a framework for location-based scheduling, exposing basic relations among cell spectral efficiency, communication range and reliability. Based on the framework we show that an optimal scheduling distance exists, which maximizes the cell throughput by guaranteeing range and reliability constraints. The optimized distance can then be utilized by the base station scheduler, which benefits from a closed form solution for the outage probability, derived in this work. We validate that the proposed form with its simplifications achieves a similar performance compared with the optimal solution, obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, optimization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In intelligent transport systems (ITS), vehicular users broadcast messages with ego information such as position, speed, and other. For exchanging ITS messages directly among vehicles via cellular sidelink transmission, the base station assigns dedicated V2V radio resources for users in coverage. To improve spectral efficiency, the same radio resource can be simultaneously scheduled to multiple vehicles within a cell, e.g., based on a minimum vehicle distance. This distance can be determined by location information obtained from ITS messages. In this work, we introduce a framework for location-based scheduling, exposing basic relations among cell spectral efficiency, communication range and reliability. Based on the framework we show that an optimal scheduling distance exists, which maximizes the cell throughput by guaranteeing range and reliability constraints. The optimized distance can then be utilized by the base station scheduler, which benefits from a closed form solution for the outage probability, derived in this work. We validate that the proposed form with its simplifications achieves a similar performance compared with the optimal solution, obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.
44.
Zhang, D.; Festag, A.; Fettweis, G.
Performance of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Physical Layer in Vehicular Communication Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 9809-9824, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, V2X communication, wireless communication
@article{Zhang:TVT:2017,
title = {Performance of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Physical Layer in Vehicular Communication},
author = {D. Zhang and A. Festag and G. Fettweis},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7968507},
doi = {10.1109/TVT.2017.2723729},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-05},
urldate = {2017-07-05},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
volume = {66},
number = {11},
pages = {9809-9824},
abstract = {Vehicular communications enable information exchange among vehicles including the roadside infrastructure. This has led to applications to primarily increase road safety and traffic efficiency. Standardization efforts on vehicular communications are underway. The physical layer (PHY) is defined based on the IEEE 802.11 family of WiFi standards operating at the 5.9 GHz frequency band and on extensions of long-term evolution (LTE); in both cases orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the waveform of choice. Since the typical environment of WiFi deployment is very different to the vehicular communication environment, it is a challenging task to adapt the WiFi-based PHY for providing reliable and real-time communications under highly time- and frequency-selective fading channels. In this paper, the employment of an alternative waveform termed generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) for vehicular communication is investigated. Specifically, a GFDM-based packet design is proposed on the basis of the standard-compliant OFDM-based PHY configuration. On the receiver side, this paper focuses on developing synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization algorithms. The performance of the resulting GFDM-based PHY is verified and compared with the OFDM-based one by means of simulation. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed GFDM-based PHY can utilize the time and frequency resources more efficiently, and outperform particularly under challenging channel conditions. Additionally, the low out-of-band emission of GFDM is a desirable feature for future multichannel operation (MCO) in vehicular communications.},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, V2X communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vehicular communications enable information exchange among vehicles including the roadside infrastructure. This has led to applications to primarily increase road safety and traffic efficiency. Standardization efforts on vehicular communications are underway. The physical layer (PHY) is defined based on the IEEE 802.11 family of WiFi standards operating at the 5.9 GHz frequency band and on extensions of long-term evolution (LTE); in both cases orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the waveform of choice. Since the typical environment of WiFi deployment is very different to the vehicular communication environment, it is a challenging task to adapt the WiFi-based PHY for providing reliable and real-time communications under highly time- and frequency-selective fading channels. In this paper, the employment of an alternative waveform termed generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) for vehicular communication is investigated. Specifically, a GFDM-based packet design is proposed on the basis of the standard-compliant OFDM-based PHY configuration. On the receiver side, this paper focuses on developing synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization algorithms. The performance of the resulting GFDM-based PHY is verified and compared with the OFDM-based one by means of simulation. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed GFDM-based PHY can utilize the time and frequency resources more efficiently, and outperform particularly under challenging channel conditions. Additionally, the low out-of-band emission of GFDM is a desirable feature for future multichannel operation (MCO) in vehicular communications.
45.
Kühlmorgen, S.; González, A.; Festag, A.; Fettweis, G.
Improving Communication-based Intersection Safety by Cooperative Relaying with Joint Decoding Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Redondo Beach, CA, USA, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, cooperative relaying, Intelligent Transport Systems, intersection, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Kuehlmorgen:IV:2017,
title = {Improving Communication-based Intersection Safety by Cooperative Relaying with Joint Decoding},
author = {S. Kühlmorgen and A. González and A. Festag and G. Fettweis},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7995796},
doi = {10.1109/IVS.2017.7995796},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-14},
urldate = {2017-07-31},
booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)},
address = {Redondo Beach, CA, USA},
abstract = {Vehicular communications have a great potential to improve intersection safety and traffic efficiency. Achieving a high application performance is challenging due to the specific propagation conditions caused by buildings and obstacles found at urban intersections. Relying on the state-of-the-art solution for vehicular communication based on IEEE 802.11, we extend contention-based forwarding to distribute data packets via multiple paths and apply joint decoding on erroneous received data packets. We study the gain of cooperative relaying with joint decoding on the performance of collision avoidance applications in an intersection scenario. We could show that with our algorithm the awareness distance and reliability is increased up to 25m and 55, respectively, under poor channel conditions.},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, cooperative relaying, Intelligent Transport Systems, intersection, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Vehicular communications have a great potential to improve intersection safety and traffic efficiency. Achieving a high application performance is challenging due to the specific propagation conditions caused by buildings and obstacles found at urban intersections. Relying on the state-of-the-art solution for vehicular communication based on IEEE 802.11, we extend contention-based forwarding to distribute data packets via multiple paths and apply joint decoding on erroneous received data packets. We study the gain of cooperative relaying with joint decoding on the performance of collision avoidance applications in an intersection scenario. We could show that with our algorithm the awareness distance and reliability is increased up to 25m and 55, respectively, under poor channel conditions.
46.
Kühlmorgen, S.; Festag, A.; Fettweis, G.
Evaluation of Multi-hop Packet Prioritization for Decentralized Congestion Control in VANETs Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, performance, simulation, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Kuehlmorgen:WCNC:2017,
title = {Evaluation of Multi-hop Packet Prioritization for Decentralized Congestion Control in VANETs},
author = {S. Kühlmorgen and A. Festag and G. Fettweis},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7925899},
doi = {10.1109/WCNC.2017.7925899},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-19},
urldate = {2017-05-11},
booktitle = {IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)},
address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
abstract = {Decentralized congestion control (DCC) in ITS-G5 based vehicular ad hoc networks ensures that the requirements of safety and traffic efficiency applications are met even under high vehicle density and channel load conditions. In European standardization, a "gatekeeper" on top of the ITS-G5 MAC sub-layer is being considered that controls a node's packet rate as a function of the channel load. This paper studies the performance of the gatekeeper with packet prioritization and an adaptive linear control algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the gatekeeper with priority queuing (PQ) can effectively handle different packet priorities for multi-hop packets. Our gatekeeper-specific enhancements of the forwarding algorithm yield performance improvements in terms of reliability and latency compared to the plain DCC approach. Finally, we discuss the issue of packet starvation caused by the gatekeeper's PQ scheme that affects the performance of lower-priority packets.},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems, performance, simulation, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Decentralized congestion control (DCC) in ITS-G5 based vehicular ad hoc networks ensures that the requirements of safety and traffic efficiency applications are met even under high vehicle density and channel load conditions. In European standardization, a "gatekeeper" on top of the ITS-G5 MAC sub-layer is being considered that controls a node's packet rate as a function of the channel load. This paper studies the performance of the gatekeeper with packet prioritization and an adaptive linear control algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the gatekeeper with priority queuing (PQ) can effectively handle different packet priorities for multi-hop packets. Our gatekeeper-specific enhancements of the forwarding algorithm yield performance improvements in terms of reliability and latency compared to the plain DCC approach. Finally, we discuss the issue of packet starvation caused by the gatekeeper's PQ scheme that affects the performance of lower-priority packets.
47.
Acatech,
Neue Autombilität - Automatisierter Strassenverkehr der Zukunft Miscellaneous
Acactech Studie, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems
@misc{Acatech:AutoMobilitaet:2016,
title = {Neue Autombilität - Automatisierter Strassenverkehr der Zukunft},
author = {Acatech},
url = {https://www.acatech.de/publikation/neue-automobilitaet-automatisierter-strassenverkehr-der-zukunft/download-pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-06},
urldate = {2016-12-06},
abstract = {Die 40 Institutionen umfassende Projektgruppe Neue autoMobilität aus Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft beschreibt in der vorliegenden acatech Studie den automatisierten Straßenverkehr der Zukunft. Längerfristig ist dieser ein Mischverkehr aus Fahrzeugen mit unterschiedlichen Automatisierungsstufen. Dabei ist die Interaktion von automatisierten und nicht automatisierten Fahrzeugen ebenso zentral wie der Umgang mit nicht motorisierten Verkehrsteilnehmenden. Die Entwicklung bis 2030 wird stufenweise erfolgen. Im niedrigen Geschwindigkeitsbereich, zum Beispiel bei der automatisierten Parkplatzsuche (Valet Parking), kann fahrerloses Fahren bereits 2020 serienreif sein.},
howpublished = {Acactech Studie},
keywords = {Cooperative ITS, Intelligent Transport Systems},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Die 40 Institutionen umfassende Projektgruppe Neue autoMobilität aus Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft beschreibt in der vorliegenden acatech Studie den automatisierten Straßenverkehr der Zukunft. Längerfristig ist dieser ein Mischverkehr aus Fahrzeugen mit unterschiedlichen Automatisierungsstufen. Dabei ist die Interaktion von automatisierten und nicht automatisierten Fahrzeugen ebenso zentral wie der Umgang mit nicht motorisierten Verkehrsteilnehmenden. Die Entwicklung bis 2030 wird stufenweise erfolgen. Im niedrigen Geschwindigkeitsbereich, zum Beispiel bei der automatisierten Parkplatzsuche (Valet Parking), kann fahrerloses Fahren bereits 2020 serienreif sein.