Publications
1.
Lobo, S.; Festag, A.; Facchi, C.
Towards Standardized V2X Test Protocols for Cyclist Protection in Euro NCAP Scenarios Proceedings Article
In: 2026 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), Montreal, Canada, 2026.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: NCAP, safety, testing, V2X
@inproceedings{Lobo:IV:2026,
title = {Towards Standardized V2X Test Protocols for Cyclist Protection in Euro NCAP Scenarios},
author = {S. Lobo and A. Festag and C. Facchi},
url = {https://vnc2026.ieee-vnc.org},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-04-29},
urldate = {2026-04-29},
booktitle = {2026 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)},
address = {Montreal, Canada},
abstract = {Cyclist safety remains a critical challenge in road traffic, particularly in crossing situations where conventional onboard perception may fail to detect Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) in time. While Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication can complement perception by enabling earlier awareness, current Euro NCAP test protocols do not provide standardized procedures to assess V2X-based safety benefits for VRUs. This paper proposes two V2X-enhanced test procedures derived from existing Euro NCAP car-to-bicyclist scenarios to enable systematic and repeatable evaluation of cooperative awareness for cyclist protection. An analytical model is developed to characterize detection timing and to quantify the potential benefit of V2X-based awareness relative to onboard sensing. The proposed scenarios are further implemented in a full-stack simulation framework integrating SUMO, OMNeT++/INET, and Artery. The applicability of the proposed procedures is demonstrated using Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and VRU Awareness Messages (VAM) as representative message types, as well as by analyzing the influence of different on-board unit (OBU) performance profiles. The results illustrate how the proposed scenarios support structured assessment of cooperative perception benefits and provide a practical foundation for extending future NCAP protocols toward V2X-aware VRU safety evaluation.},
keywords = {NCAP, safety, testing, V2X},
pubstate = {accepted},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Cyclist safety remains a critical challenge in road traffic, particularly in crossing situations where conventional onboard perception may fail to detect Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) in time. While Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication can complement perception by enabling earlier awareness, current Euro NCAP test protocols do not provide standardized procedures to assess V2X-based safety benefits for VRUs. This paper proposes two V2X-enhanced test procedures derived from existing Euro NCAP car-to-bicyclist scenarios to enable systematic and repeatable evaluation of cooperative awareness for cyclist protection. An analytical model is developed to characterize detection timing and to quantify the potential benefit of V2X-based awareness relative to onboard sensing. The proposed scenarios are further implemented in a full-stack simulation framework integrating SUMO, OMNeT++/INET, and Artery. The applicability of the proposed procedures is demonstrated using Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and VRU Awareness Messages (VAM) as representative message types, as well as by analyzing the influence of different on-board unit (OBU) performance profiles. The results illustrate how the proposed scenarios support structured assessment of cooperative perception benefits and provide a practical foundation for extending future NCAP protocols toward V2X-aware VRU safety evaluation.