Publications

@inproceedings{Leiggener:VTC:2006,

title = {Analysis of Path Characteristics and Transport Protocol Design in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks},

author = {A. Leiggener and R. Schmitz and A. Festag and L. Eggert and W. Effelsberg},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1682880},

doi = {10.1109/VETECS.2006.1682880},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-05-07},

urldate = {2006-05-07},

booktitle = {IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC)},

address = {Melbourne, VIC, Australia},

abstract = {Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable new applications by providing self-organizing vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication. Some of these applications require reliable, in-order data delivery across end-to-end connections. The performance of a vehicular transport protocol (VTP) that provides such a service depends on its ability to adapt quickly to the varying path characteristics of highly dynamic environments. This paper studies path characteristics of VANETs in highway scenarios. An analytical evaluation derives upper bounds on the expected connectivity and disruption duration. Simulations validate these results and study further metrics, such as packet loss, packet reordering and round trip times. The paper also briefly outlines a preliminary VTP design that incorporates these analytical results.},

keywords = {V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Torrent-Moreno:WIT:2006,

title = {System Design for Information Dissemination in VANETs},

author = {M. Torrent-Moreno and A. Festag and H. Hartenstein},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2006_TorrentMoreno_WIT.pdf},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-03-14},

urldate = {2006-03-14},

booktitle = {International Workshop on Intelligent Transportation (WIT)},

pages = {27 –33},

address = {Hamburg, Germany},

abstract = {In the architectural design of a communication technology the assignment of responsibilities to its different modules or layers is a key issue. The modularization and assignment of functions to modules has a strong impact on the system performance. In this paper, we address data forwarding as a key responsibility of a VANET's (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork) communication device. More specifically, we discuss two different approaches, packet-centric forwarding (PCF) and information-centric forwarding (ICF), both aimed to disseminate information in a VANET environment. Basically, assuming a layered protocol design adapted to VANETs, it is argued where and how functions related to node connectivity and data transport could be implemented. Discussing pros and cons of ICF and PCF, we define a modular information-based architecture with a hybrid approach for dissemination of safety information where: i) information forwarding responsibilities reside in the application protocol layer(s) and exploit the applications' capability of information modification, aggregation, and invalidation, ii) packet forwarding functionalities are implemented in the network protocol layer to rapidly disseminate information of very high priority (safety-of-life), and iii) low-cost nodes incapable of processing safety-related information, can be used to increase network connectivity.},

keywords = {V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Aijaz:WIT:2006,

title = {Attacks on Inter Vehicle Communication Systems – an Analysis},

author = {A. Aijaz and B. Bochow and F. Dötzer and A. Festag and M. Gerlach and T. Leinmüller and M. Schäfer},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2006_Aijaz_WIT.pdf},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-03-14},

urldate = {2006-03-14},

booktitle = {International Workshop on Intelligent Transportation (WIT)},

pages = {189–194},

address = {Hamburg, Germany},

abstract = {Inter-vehicle communication systems are a new paradigm of networking. Largely related to mobile ad hoc networks and their distributed, self-organizing structure, they also introduce new threats. In order to assess these threats we introduce a model of attacks on an inter-vehicle communication system in this paper. This model is used to refine the system model of the NoW communication system and to find potential weaknesses during the specification phase of the NoW communication system. Our work shows that there are several interesting new challenges requiring novel solutions, some of which are outlined at the end of this paper. Although this is still work in progress, it is the foundation for analysis and assessment of future work. As one of the main results of this paper, we identified several difficult to detect attacks on the hard- and software, and on the sensor input. We further point out system requirements to thwart such attacks.},

keywords = {security, V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Baldessari:WIT:2006,

title = {Flexible Connectivity Management in Vehicular Communication Networks},

author = {R. Baldessari and A. Festag and A. Matos and J. Santos and R. Aguiar},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2006_Baldessari_WIT.pdf},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-03-14},

urldate = {2006-03-14},

booktitle = {International Workshop on Intelligent Transportation (WIT)},

pages = {211–216},

address = {Hamburg, Germany},

abstract = {Vehicular communication, providing vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication, can considerably improve traffic safety and comfort of driving and traveling. For communication in vehicular ad hoc networks, position-based routing has emerged as a promising candidate. For Internet access, Mobile IPv6 is a widely accepted solution to provide session continuity and reachability to the Internet for mobile nodes. While integrated solutions for usage of Mobile IPv6 in (non-vehicular) mobile ad hoc networks exist, we propose a solution that, built upon on a Mobile IPv6 proxy-based architecture, selects the optimal communication mode (direct in-vehicle, vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-roadside communication) and provides dynamic switching between vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication mode during a communication session in case that more than one communication mode is simultaneously available.},

keywords = {V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Fuessler:WIT:2005,

title = {Thoughts on a Protocol Architecture for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks},

author = {H. Füßler and M. Torrent-Moreno and M. Transier and A. Festag and H. Hartenstein},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2005_Fuessler_WIT.pdf},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-03-01},

urldate = {2005-03-01},

booktitle = {International Workshop on Intelligent Transportation (WIT)},

address = {Hamburg, Germany},

abstract = {In comparison to other communication networks, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have unique requirements with respect to applications, types of communication, self-organization and other issues. In order to meet these requirements, the structuring of functionalities into protocols and their interaction must be re-thought. The traditional approach of decomposition of functionality into protocol layers (layered approach) and a protocol design specifically tailored to the needs of VANETs (un-layered approach) leads to two extreme and opposed manifestations of a potential VANET protocol architecture. From these two extreme approaches we derive a stack-based VANET protocol architecture that combines the strengths of both. Among the key features of this protocol architecture are VANET-specific protocol layers, a staircase approach for interaction among layers, and the use of an information connector for the exchange of cross-layer information using the publisher/subscriber pattern. This protocol architecture provides a clear modular structure with flexibility for protocol interaction and information exchange at a reasonable complexity.},

keywords = {V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:ITSWC:2004,

title = {FleetNet: Bringing Car-to-Car Communication into the Real World},

author = {A. Festag and H. Füßler and H. Hartenstein and A. Sarma and R. Schmitz},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2004_Festag_ITSWC.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-10-18},

urldate = {2004-10-18},

booktitle = {ITS World Congress and Exhibition},

address = {Nagoya, Japan},

abstract = {Car-to-car communication by means of wireless technology shows a strong potential to enhance both safety and comfort of road users. The necessity to reach cars beyond the transmission range of the own radio creates the challenge to find algorithms to efficiently forward packets. In these so-called vehicular ad hoc networks, position information has been identified as a crucial component that alleviates some of the limitations of existing topology-based protocols. Thus, we see the use of positional information at the core of a car-to-car communication system that provides advanced applications for active safety, distributed floating car data, as well as user communication and information. A major thrust to leverage a car-to-car communication platform was provided by the FleetNet project, partly funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research BMBF and led by Daimler Chrysler AG. Based on ad-hoc networking principles and the availability of position information, the project developed suitable communication concepts. In addition to simulation studies, a prototype communication and application system was implemented and deployed, embedding safety and convenience applications. With car-based real world field trials successfully conducted, first results and experiences look promising.},

keywords = {V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:DFNArbeitstagung:2004,

title = {On the Limitations of Security Concepts for Mobile Adhoc Networks Routing Protocols},

author = {A. Festag and J. Girao and T. Melia and D. Westhoff},

editor = {J. vonKnop and W. Haverkamp and E. Jessen},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2004_Festag_DFNArbeitstagung.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-06-01},

urldate = {2004-06-01},

booktitle = {DFN-Arbeitstagung über Kommunikationsnetze},

pages = {61-76},

publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},

address = {Düsseldorf, Germany},

abstract = {Recently, a number of approaches proposing various security aspects for routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks have been proposed. In this work we do not introduce another proposal aiming at security in the context of ad hoc networks. Instead, we argue from a generalized view and answer the question: what security objectives are in principle achievable and what security features are not achievable at all, even when using unacceptable heavy weighted security features. Our contribution in this work is to derive from the available security mechanisms and from a reasonable ad hoc network specific attacker model a set of theoretically achievable security objectives. In particular we will also denote the majority of non practically achievable security objectives.},

keywords = {security, V2X communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Fu:IPCN:2003,

title = {Secure, QoS-enabled Mobility Support for IP-based Networks},

author = {X. Fu and T. Chen and A. Festag and H. Karl and G. Schäfer and C. Fan},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2003_Fu_ICPN.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-05-24},

urldate = {2003-05-24},

booktitle = {IP Based Cellular Network Conference (IPCN)},

address = {Paris, France},

abstract = {Abstract-The rising number of mobile users, the advent of various radio access technologies, and the increasing importance of IP services over wireless as well as wired networks pose a number of new challenges. While Mobile IP has been designed for mobility management in IP networks, it may result in high latency and signaling overhead during handoff. Thus, advanced mobility mechanisms improving Mobile IP are desired to perform efficient handoffs. Also, appropriate Quality-of-Service (QoS) support is needed for mobility-enhanced IP in order to meet end users' expectations. Furthermore, security measures are required to protect the network infrastructure. This paper describes the Secure, QoS-enabled Mobility (SeQoMo) architecture addressing these issues. In particular, optimization of handoff operations, low-latency QoS re-establishment for IP-level handoff, authentication, and QoS-aware authorization for mobile nodes are investigated and integrated in a unified framework. We also describe how the SeQoMo architecture as a whole supports efficient handoff processing especially during local movements, with optimized QoS support and authentication and QoS-aware authorization services.},

keywords = {handover, mobile communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:KiVS:2003,

title = {Classification and Evaluation of Multicast-based Mobility Support in All-IP Cellular Networks},

author = {A. Festag and H. Karl and A. Wolisz},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2003_Festag_KIVS.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-02-25},

urldate = {2003-02-25},

booktitle = {KiVS 2003},

pages = {233-244},

address = {Leipzig, Germany},

abstract = {To solve the IP mobility problem the use of multicast has been proposed in a number of different approaches, applying multicast in different characteristic ways. In this paper we provide a framework to classify such approaches by analyzing requirements, options for using multicast protocols, and mobility functionalities augmenting the multicast. Within this framework we identify promising combinations of mechanisms and derive four classes of multicast protocols. These classes include both the standard any-source IP multicast model as well as non-standard multicast models. In particular, the use of source-specific multicast is a new approach to support mobility and turns out to be especially beneficial. The paper describes a corresponding network architecture and a flexible software environment that allows to easily implement these and other classes of mobility-supporting multicast protocols. Based on this software environment, an implemented prototype and measurements quantify handover-specific metrics, namely handover and paging latency and packet loss and duplication rates, showing that a multicast-based mobility solution has comparable performance to standard Mobile IP/hierarchical Mobile IP. Moreover, it is shown that a non-standard multicast model has reduced implementation and deployment complexity and security risks than a standard multicast model.},

keywords = {mobile communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:PerfTools:2002,

title = {The MOMBASA Software Environment –- A Toolkit for Performance Evaluation of Multicast-Based Mobility Support in IP Networks},

author = {A. Festag and L. Westhoff and A. Wolisz},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2002_Festag_PerfTools.pdf},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-04-14},

urldate = {2002-04-14},

booktitle = {Performance Tools},

pages = {212-219},

address = {London, GB},

abstract = {The MOMBASA Software Environment is a toolkit that implements mobility-related functionalities complementing multicast protocols for multicast-based mobility support. The functionalities provided by the MOMBASA Software Environment include detection of link availability, registration, location update, paging, address translation, handoff initiation, handoff control, rerouting, prevention of handoff oscillation and inactive handoff suppression. The MOMBASA Software Environment is targeted for researchers investigating the support of host mobility in IP-based cellular networks. It aims at performance evaluation of mobility support by means of measurements. The software is easy to maintain, to configure and to extend: a) It has a clear design, b) it provides well-defined configuration and management interfaces, c) policies can be used to control and tune the system behavior and d) it has a generic interface to the multicast which facilitates to investigate multicast protocols of different types. This paper describes the functionalities, features and structure of the MOMBASA Software Environment and presents a framework for evaluating the performance of mobility support using the MOMBASA Software Environment. The MOMBASA Software Environment is open software under GNU Public License. It is freely available, extensively tested and well documented.},

keywords = {mobile communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:HP-OVUA:2001,

title = {Mobility Support in IP-Based Networks – A Multicast-Based Approach},

author = {A. Festag},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2000_Festag_HP-OVUA.pdf},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-06-24},

urldate = {2001-06-24},

booktitle = {8th Workshop of HP Openview University Association},

address = {Berlin, Germany},

keywords = {mobile communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:MAIN:2001,

title = {Performance Evaluation of Mobile IP: Investigating the Concept of Hierarchical Foreign Agents},

author = {A. Festag and A. Wolisz},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2001_Festag_MAIN.pdf},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-04-26},

urldate = {2001-04-26},

booktitle = {Mobility for All-IP Networks – Mobile IP (MAIN)},

address = {Berlin, Germany},

keywords = {mobile communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:EW:2000,

title = {MOMBASA: Mobility Support -– A Multicast-Based Approach},

author = {A. Festag and A. Wolisz},

url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2000_Festag_EuropWireless.pdf},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-09-12},

urldate = {2000-09-12},

booktitle = {European Wireless},

address = {Dresden, Germany},

abstract = {In general IP multicast supports location-independent addressing and routing for a group of hosts. This ability is similar to the requirement for mobility support in IP-based networks though in a different context. MOMBASA stands for ``MObility support – a Multicast BASed Approach''. It is intended to utilise multicast in order to support network level mobility. The basic mechanism of a multicast-based handover can be composed of a multicast join- and leave-operation of the new and old multicast router, respectively. Additionally to the basic mechanism, MOMBASA investigates extended multicast functionalities which improves the handover in terms of the handover latency, the management of the multicast group and adaptation of the multicast data traffic to the wireless transmission capabilities. In particular the extended multicast functionalities are useful for vertical handover. Unfortunately today's IP multicast suffers from scalability problems and is not generally available. Nevertheless it is commonly expected that the future Internet will provide an optimised multicast. MOMBASA works out the requirements of handover on future multicast protocols and investigates alternate IP-style multicast protocols. As a first approach a multicast protocol is considered which realises a dynamic multipoint-to-multipoint communication in switched networks. An experimental handover testbed is set up which proofs the basic approach and provides extended multicast functionalities. The testbed is described and performance results are given. Other IP-style multicast protocol will be investigated in further steps.},

keywords = {mobile communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Festag:ICATM:2000,

title = {Rerouting for Handover in Mobile Networks with Connection-Oriented Backbones: An Experimental Testbed},

author = {A. Festag and T. Assimakopoulos and L. Westhoff and A. Wolisz},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/856700},

doi = {10.1109/HPSR.2000.856700},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-06-26},

urldate = {2002-08-06},

booktitle = {IEEE Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (ICATM)},

pages = {491-499},

address = {Heidelberg, Germany},

abstract = {The rerouting of connections for handover in a broadband mobile cellular network is investigated. We address networks with a connection-oriented backbone, which supports quality-of-service (QoS). Moreover it is assumed an IP-style multicast on top of the connection-oriented network. We advocate to utilize the IP-style multicast in order to reroute connections for handover. Three rerouting schemes are proposed, which are based on the IP-style multicast. One of the schemes realizes a predictive approach, where a call is pre-established to potential new base stations by setting up a multicast tree with neighboring base stations as leaf nodes. This approach reduces the handover latency caused by rerouting to an absolute minimum and improves communication with strict time constraints and frequent handover. For experimental investigations of the rerouting schemes a testbed is set up, which is based on an open, non-proprietary, experimental networking environment. Its signaling software offers a direct many-to-many communication, rather than requiring one-to-many overlays and the switching hardware supports scalable and efficient multicast by cell-recycling. The testbed is performance evaluation of the rerouting scheme.},

keywords = {mobile communication, multicast},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Assimakopoulos:MobileCommSummm:1999,

title = {Integrated Broadband Mobile System (IBMS) Demonstrator Concept},

author = {T. Assimakopoulos and A. Festag and F. Fitzek and S. Irmer and A. Wolisz},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-06-08},

urldate = {1999-06-08},

booktitle = {ACTS Mobile Communications Summit},

pages = {365-370},

address = {Sorrento, Italy},

keywords = {mobile communication, wireless communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}