Publications
1.
Festag, A.; Udupa, S.; Garcia, L.; Wellens, R.; Hecht, M.; Ulfig, P.
End-to-End Performance Measurements of Drone Communications in 5G Cellular Networks Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), pp. 6, Virtual, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: drones, measurements, mobile communication, wireless communication
@inproceedings{Festag:VTC-Fall:2021,
title = {End-to-End Performance Measurements of Drone Communications in 5G Cellular Networks},
author = {A. Festag and S. Udupa and L. Garcia and R. Wellens and M. Hecht and P. Ulfig},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9625429},
doi = {10.1109/VTC2021-Fall52928.2021.9625429},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-27},
urldate = {2021-12-10},
booktitle = {IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)},
pages = {6},
address = {Virtual},
abstract = {Cellular communications with its ubiquitous cellular coverage enable various use cases for long-distance aerial inspection, surveillance and monitoring with drones. For these use cases, the exchange of command & control and sensor data, such as video, require a reliable and low-latency communication link. In this paper, we present results of a measurement campaign of drone communications in an experimental 5G network. The measurement scenarios cover (i) the capacity and quality of the link between the drone and the ground station, (ii) the robustness of drone communications with the isolation provided by network slicing, and (iii) the stability of the link between drone and ground station for long-distance flights. The results indicate that cellular communications in principle meet the reliability and latency of video and command & control data for long-distance flights even when the performance of cellular network is optimized for terrestrial devices. The application of network slicing in future 5G networks has a great potential to protect the drone critical command & control data from undesired wireless interferers.},
keywords = {drones, measurements, mobile communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Cellular communications with its ubiquitous cellular coverage enable various use cases for long-distance aerial inspection, surveillance and monitoring with drones. For these use cases, the exchange of command & control and sensor data, such as video, require a reliable and low-latency communication link. In this paper, we present results of a measurement campaign of drone communications in an experimental 5G network. The measurement scenarios cover (i) the capacity and quality of the link between the drone and the ground station, (ii) the robustness of drone communications with the isolation provided by network slicing, and (iii) the stability of the link between drone and ground station for long-distance flights. The results indicate that cellular communications in principle meet the reliability and latency of video and command & control data for long-distance flights even when the performance of cellular network is optimized for terrestrial devices. The application of network slicing in future 5G networks has a great potential to protect the drone critical command & control data from undesired wireless interferers.
2.
Fettweis, G.; Boche, H.; Wiegand, T.; Zielinski, E.; Schotten, H.; Merz, P.; Hirche, S.; Festag, A.; Häffner, W.; Meyer, M.; Steinbach, E.; Kraemer, R.; Steinmetz, R.; Hofmann, F.; Eisert, P.; Scholl, R.; Ellinger, F.; Weiß, E.; Riedel, I.
The Tactile Internet Technical Report
ITU-T Technology Watch Report 2014, (https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/techwatch/Pages/tactile-internet.aspx).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, wireless communication
@techreport{Fettweis:ITU-T-Tactile:2014,
title = {The Tactile Internet},
author = {G. Fettweis and H. Boche and T. Wiegand and E. Zielinski and H. Schotten and P. Merz and S. Hirche and A. Festag and W. Häffner and M. Meyer and E. Steinbach and R. Kraemer and R. Steinmetz and F. Hofmann and P. Eisert and R. Scholl and F. Ellinger and E. Weiß and I. Riedel},
url = {https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/gen/T-GEN-TWATCH-2014-1-PDF-E.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-11},
urldate = {2014-09-11},
pages = {18},
institution = {ITU-T Technology Watch Report},
abstract = {Part 1 and 2 . The vision of the Tactile Internet and its impact on society:
The Tactile Internet will find novel application fields in which to contribute to the solution of the complex challenges faced by our society, with a sample of its value to social wellbeing found in education and lifelong learning, healthcare, personal safety zones, traffic in a smart city or energy. The Internet of Things connects devices, or objects, to increase their efficiency by exploiting the potential of networking. The next wave of innovation will create the Tactile Internet, introducing numerous new opportunities for emerging technology markets and the delivery of essential public services.
In principle, all of our human senses can interact with machines, and technology’s potential in this respect is growing. The Tactile Internet will enable haptic interaction with visual feedback, with technical systems supporting not just audiovisual interaction, but also that involving robotic systems to be controlled with an imperceptible time-lag.
Part 3 - Application Fields - The potential of the Tactile Internet:
Emerging Tactile Internet application fields are progressing towards precise human-to-machine and machine-to-machine interaction, with key examples found in industry, robotics and telepresence, virtual reality, augmented reality, healthcare, road traffic, serious gaming, education and culture, and smart grid. 1-millisecond end-to-end latency is necessary in Tactile Internet applications. For technical systems to match humans’ interaction with their environment, our natural reaction times set the targets that technical specifications must meet.
The high availability and security, ultra-fast reaction times and carrier-grade reliability of the Tactile Internet will add a new dimension to human-to-machine interaction by delivering a latency low enough to build real-time interactive systems. The professional digital infrastructure will similarly revolutionize machine-to-machine interaction.
Part 4 and 5 - Infrastructure requirements & ITU framework:
The technical requirements of the Tactile Internet place extraordinary demands on future networks’ latency and reliability, security, system architecture, sensors and actuators, access networks and mobile edge-clouds. Existing infrastructures are both technically and conceptually insufficient to support the envisioned applications of the Tactile Internet, with certain areas in need of accelerated research and development. In parallel, supporting standardization systems are expected to evolve in line with the diversity of the Tactile Internet’s application areas and associated stakeholder ecosystem. Given ITU’s vital role in the global management of the wireless frequency spectrum and satellite orbits, its global reach including developing countries, and the wealth of experience in defining new-technology landscapes through the publication of the requisite standards, ITU’s unique public-private membership model offers an ideal platform for collaboration open to all invested in realizing the vision of the Tactile Internet.},
note = {https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/techwatch/Pages/tactile-internet.aspx},
keywords = {mobile communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Part 1 and 2 . The vision of the Tactile Internet and its impact on society:
The Tactile Internet will find novel application fields in which to contribute to the solution of the complex challenges faced by our society, with a sample of its value to social wellbeing found in education and lifelong learning, healthcare, personal safety zones, traffic in a smart city or energy. The Internet of Things connects devices, or objects, to increase their efficiency by exploiting the potential of networking. The next wave of innovation will create the Tactile Internet, introducing numerous new opportunities for emerging technology markets and the delivery of essential public services.
In principle, all of our human senses can interact with machines, and technology’s potential in this respect is growing. The Tactile Internet will enable haptic interaction with visual feedback, with technical systems supporting not just audiovisual interaction, but also that involving robotic systems to be controlled with an imperceptible time-lag.
Part 3 - Application Fields - The potential of the Tactile Internet:
Emerging Tactile Internet application fields are progressing towards precise human-to-machine and machine-to-machine interaction, with key examples found in industry, robotics and telepresence, virtual reality, augmented reality, healthcare, road traffic, serious gaming, education and culture, and smart grid. 1-millisecond end-to-end latency is necessary in Tactile Internet applications. For technical systems to match humans’ interaction with their environment, our natural reaction times set the targets that technical specifications must meet.
The high availability and security, ultra-fast reaction times and carrier-grade reliability of the Tactile Internet will add a new dimension to human-to-machine interaction by delivering a latency low enough to build real-time interactive systems. The professional digital infrastructure will similarly revolutionize machine-to-machine interaction.
Part 4 and 5 - Infrastructure requirements & ITU framework:
The technical requirements of the Tactile Internet place extraordinary demands on future networks’ latency and reliability, security, system architecture, sensors and actuators, access networks and mobile edge-clouds. Existing infrastructures are both technically and conceptually insufficient to support the envisioned applications of the Tactile Internet, with certain areas in need of accelerated research and development. In parallel, supporting standardization systems are expected to evolve in line with the diversity of the Tactile Internet’s application areas and associated stakeholder ecosystem. Given ITU’s vital role in the global management of the wireless frequency spectrum and satellite orbits, its global reach including developing countries, and the wealth of experience in defining new-technology landscapes through the publication of the requisite standards, ITU’s unique public-private membership model offers an ideal platform for collaboration open to all invested in realizing the vision of the Tactile Internet.
The Tactile Internet will find novel application fields in which to contribute to the solution of the complex challenges faced by our society, with a sample of its value to social wellbeing found in education and lifelong learning, healthcare, personal safety zones, traffic in a smart city or energy. The Internet of Things connects devices, or objects, to increase their efficiency by exploiting the potential of networking. The next wave of innovation will create the Tactile Internet, introducing numerous new opportunities for emerging technology markets and the delivery of essential public services.
In principle, all of our human senses can interact with machines, and technology’s potential in this respect is growing. The Tactile Internet will enable haptic interaction with visual feedback, with technical systems supporting not just audiovisual interaction, but also that involving robotic systems to be controlled with an imperceptible time-lag.
Part 3 - Application Fields - The potential of the Tactile Internet:
Emerging Tactile Internet application fields are progressing towards precise human-to-machine and machine-to-machine interaction, with key examples found in industry, robotics and telepresence, virtual reality, augmented reality, healthcare, road traffic, serious gaming, education and culture, and smart grid. 1-millisecond end-to-end latency is necessary in Tactile Internet applications. For technical systems to match humans’ interaction with their environment, our natural reaction times set the targets that technical specifications must meet.
The high availability and security, ultra-fast reaction times and carrier-grade reliability of the Tactile Internet will add a new dimension to human-to-machine interaction by delivering a latency low enough to build real-time interactive systems. The professional digital infrastructure will similarly revolutionize machine-to-machine interaction.
Part 4 and 5 - Infrastructure requirements & ITU framework:
The technical requirements of the Tactile Internet place extraordinary demands on future networks’ latency and reliability, security, system architecture, sensors and actuators, access networks and mobile edge-clouds. Existing infrastructures are both technically and conceptually insufficient to support the envisioned applications of the Tactile Internet, with certain areas in need of accelerated research and development. In parallel, supporting standardization systems are expected to evolve in line with the diversity of the Tactile Internet’s application areas and associated stakeholder ecosystem. Given ITU’s vital role in the global management of the wireless frequency spectrum and satellite orbits, its global reach including developing countries, and the wealth of experience in defining new-technology landscapes through the publication of the requisite standards, ITU’s unique public-private membership model offers an ideal platform for collaboration open to all invested in realizing the vision of the Tactile Internet.
3.
Fettweis, G.; Boche, H.; Wiegand, T.; Zielinski, E.; Schotten, H.; Merz, P.; Hirche, S.; Festag, A.; Häffner, W.; Meyer, M.; Steinbach, E.; Kraemer, R.; Steinmetz, R.; Hofmann, F.; Eisert, P.; Scholl, R.; Ellinger, F.; Weiß, E.; Riedel, I.
Taktiles Internet Technical Report
VDE-Positionspapier 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, wireless communication
@techreport{Fettweis:VDE-Tactile:2014,
title = {Taktiles Internet},
author = {G. Fettweis and H. Boche and T. Wiegand and E. Zielinski and H. Schotten and P. Merz and S. Hirche and A. Festag and W. Häffner and M. Meyer and E. Steinbach and R. Kraemer and R. Steinmetz and F. Hofmann and P. Eisert and R. Scholl and F. Ellinger and E. Weiß and I. Riedel},
url = {https://shop.vde.com/de/vde-positionspapier-taktiles-internet-8},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-03-01},
urldate = {2014-03-01},
pages = {32},
institution = {VDE-Positionspapier},
abstract = {Mobile Datenkommunikation ist allgegenwärtig. Heute verbindet das Mobile Internet Menschen überall miteinander und ermöglicht uns jederzeit den Austausch von Sprache, Daten und multimedialen Inhalten. Bisherige Innovationen ermöglichten durch ständig steigende Datenraten den PC in der Hand, das Smartphone. Zurzeit erleben wir, wie das Internet der Dinge alle Geräte vernetzt und uns dadurch den Alltag erleichtert. Als nächsten Innovationssprung sehen wir das Taktile Internet kommen.
Durch minimale Reaktionszeiten, höchste Verfügbarkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit wird das Taktile Internet die gesamte Wirtschaft und die Gesellschaft mit einem Innovationsschub beeinflussen. Es bietet viele neue Möglichkeiten für Technologieanbieter, Diensteanbieter und den Menschen.
Dieses Positionspapier zeigt das Zukunftspotenzial des Taktilen Internets anhand vielversprechender Anwendungsfelder in Industrie und Gesellschaft, beispielsweise in der Industrieautomatisierung, der Gesundheit und der Bildung. Darüber hinaus beschreibt es die Anforderungen an die zukünftige, digitale Infrastruktur, diskutiert den zu erwartenden Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen ab.},
keywords = {mobile communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Mobile Datenkommunikation ist allgegenwärtig. Heute verbindet das Mobile Internet Menschen überall miteinander und ermöglicht uns jederzeit den Austausch von Sprache, Daten und multimedialen Inhalten. Bisherige Innovationen ermöglichten durch ständig steigende Datenraten den PC in der Hand, das Smartphone. Zurzeit erleben wir, wie das Internet der Dinge alle Geräte vernetzt und uns dadurch den Alltag erleichtert. Als nächsten Innovationssprung sehen wir das Taktile Internet kommen.
Durch minimale Reaktionszeiten, höchste Verfügbarkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit wird das Taktile Internet die gesamte Wirtschaft und die Gesellschaft mit einem Innovationsschub beeinflussen. Es bietet viele neue Möglichkeiten für Technologieanbieter, Diensteanbieter und den Menschen.
Dieses Positionspapier zeigt das Zukunftspotenzial des Taktilen Internets anhand vielversprechender Anwendungsfelder in Industrie und Gesellschaft, beispielsweise in der Industrieautomatisierung, der Gesundheit und der Bildung. Darüber hinaus beschreibt es die Anforderungen an die zukünftige, digitale Infrastruktur, diskutiert den zu erwartenden Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen ab.
Durch minimale Reaktionszeiten, höchste Verfügbarkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit wird das Taktile Internet die gesamte Wirtschaft und die Gesellschaft mit einem Innovationsschub beeinflussen. Es bietet viele neue Möglichkeiten für Technologieanbieter, Diensteanbieter und den Menschen.
Dieses Positionspapier zeigt das Zukunftspotenzial des Taktilen Internets anhand vielversprechender Anwendungsfelder in Industrie und Gesellschaft, beispielsweise in der Industrieautomatisierung, der Gesundheit und der Bildung. Darüber hinaus beschreibt es die Anforderungen an die zukünftige, digitale Infrastruktur, diskutiert den zu erwartenden Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen ab.
4.
Baldessari, R.; Festag, A.; Zhang, W.; Le, L.
A MANET-Centric Solution for Application of NEMO in VANET using Geographic Routing Proceedings Article
In: 1st Workshop on Experimental Evaluation and Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks (WEEDEV) colocated with 1st International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities (TridentCom), pp. 123-128, Innsbruck, Austria, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Baldessari:TRIDENTCOM:2008,
title = {A MANET-Centric Solution for Application of NEMO in VANET using Geographic Routing},
author = {R. Baldessari and A. Festag and W. Zhang and L. Le},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1390576.1390591},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-03-18},
urldate = {2008-03-18},
booktitle = {1st Workshop on Experimental Evaluation and Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks (WEEDEV) colocated with 1st International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities (TridentCom)},
pages = {123-128},
address = {Innsbruck, Austria},
abstract = {In this paper, we propose a novel solution for usage of the Network Mobility Basic Support protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks. The solution adopts geographical routing as a sub-IP ad hoc routing protocol and applies a standard NEMO Mobile Router on top. As a result, Internet access enhanced with IP mobility support is available via a multi-hop path towards an access point. Compared with other approaches, this solution allows for immediate adaptation of data routes to topology changes, as shown by the results of measurements conducted for high rate data traffic. The paper also analyzes the case of vehicular networks isolated from a network infrastructure and suggests basic strategies for the integrated support of connected and disconnected scenarios. Finally, selected items for further research in this area are suggested.},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, we propose a novel solution for usage of the Network Mobility Basic Support protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks. The solution adopts geographical routing as a sub-IP ad hoc routing protocol and applies a standard NEMO Mobile Router on top. As a result, Internet access enhanced with IP mobility support is available via a multi-hop path towards an access point. Compared with other approaches, this solution allows for immediate adaptation of data routes to topology changes, as shown by the results of measurements conducted for high rate data traffic. The paper also analyzes the case of vehicular networks isolated from a network infrastructure and suggests basic strategies for the integrated support of connected and disconnected scenarios. Finally, selected items for further research in this area are suggested.
5.
Baldessari, R.; Festag, A.; Abeille, J.
NEMO meets VANET: A Deployability Analysis of Network Mobility in Vehicular Communication Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), pp. 375–380, Sophia Antipolis, France, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Baldessari:ITST:2007,
title = {NEMO meets VANET: A Deployability Analysis of Network Mobility in Vehicular Communication},
author = {R. Baldessari and A. Festag and J. Abeille},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2007_Baldessari_ITST.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ITST.2007.4295897},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-06},
urldate = {2007-08-27},
booktitle = {International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)},
pages = {375–380},
address = {Sophia Antipolis, France},
abstract = {The document analyzes the deployability of approaches for network mobility (NEMO) in wireless vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The vision for VANETs is road safety and commercial comfort applications enabled by short-range wireless technology. For a potential integrated solution of VANETs and NEMO, referred to as 'VANEMO', we consider a deployable system architecture and define requirements from a holistic view, taking into account economic, functional, and performance aspects. Next, we regard the vehicular network as a conventional mobile ad hoc network (VANET as a MANET), generalize possible solutions and classify them into two comprehensive approaches: MANET-centric and NEMO-centric. We analyze the two approaches with respect to the VANET specific requirements. We conclude that the MANET-centric approach meets the VANET functional and performance requirements better than the NEMO-centric approach.},
keywords = {mobile communication, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The document analyzes the deployability of approaches for network mobility (NEMO) in wireless vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The vision for VANETs is road safety and commercial comfort applications enabled by short-range wireless technology. For a potential integrated solution of VANETs and NEMO, referred to as 'VANEMO', we consider a deployable system architecture and define requirements from a holistic view, taking into account economic, functional, and performance aspects. Next, we regard the vehicular network as a conventional mobile ad hoc network (VANET as a MANET), generalize possible solutions and classify them into two comprehensive approaches: MANET-centric and NEMO-centric. We analyze the two approaches with respect to the VANET specific requirements. We conclude that the MANET-centric approach meets the VANET functional and performance requirements better than the NEMO-centric approach.
6.
Festag, A.; Baldessari, R.
Internet Access for Vehicular Communication – A Two-Stage Approach with Public Hot-Spots and Dedicated Road-Side Units Proceedings Article
In: ITS World Congress and Exhibition, London, UK, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Festag:ITSWC:2006,
title = {Internet Access for Vehicular Communication – A Two-Stage Approach with Public Hot-Spots and Dedicated Road-Side Units},
author = {A. Festag and R. Baldessari},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2006_Festag_ITSWC.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-10-08},
urldate = {2006-10-08},
booktitle = {ITS World Congress and Exhibition},
address = {London, UK},
abstract = {Communication capabilities in future vehicles and a road-side infrastructure, deploying wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 technology, are expected to provide Internet access for drivers and passengers. This paper analyzes two approaches for Internet access with respect to its technical deployability in vehicular scenarios: With increasing proliferation of WIFI hots spots, access points at public places can be reused in scenarios with low mobility. Alternatively, road-side units mainly dedicated to road safety, can be enhanced to provide Internet connectivity as an additional service. Judging the merits of public hot spots and dedicated road-side units we propose an integrated solution and discuss technical issues for their deployment. Experiments in a real-world environment demonstrate the feasibility of vehicular Internet access.},
keywords = {mobile communication, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Communication capabilities in future vehicles and a road-side infrastructure, deploying wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 technology, are expected to provide Internet access for drivers and passengers. This paper analyzes two approaches for Internet access with respect to its technical deployability in vehicular scenarios: With increasing proliferation of WIFI hots spots, access points at public places can be reused in scenarios with low mobility. Alternatively, road-side units mainly dedicated to road safety, can be enhanced to provide Internet connectivity as an additional service. Judging the merits of public hot spots and dedicated road-side units we propose an integrated solution and discuss technical issues for their deployment. Experiments in a real-world environment demonstrate the feasibility of vehicular Internet access.
7.
Festag, A.; Wolisz, A.
IP-Mobility for Cellular and Wireless Networks Book Section
In: Zurawski, R. (Ed.): The Industrial Information Technology Handbook, pp. 13, CRC Press, 2004, ISBN: 0849319854.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@incollection{Festag:CRCHandbook:2014,
title = {IP-Mobility for Cellular and Wireless Networks},
author = {A. Festag and A. Wolisz},
editor = {R. Zurawski},
url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.1201/9781315220758-14/section-2-internet-ip-networks-richard-zurawski},
isbn = {0849319854},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-11-29},
urldate = {2004-11-29},
booktitle = {The Industrial Information Technology Handbook},
pages = {13},
publisher = {CRC Press},
organization = {Taylor & Francis},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
8.
Festag, A.
Mobility Support in IP Cellular Networks – A Multicast-Based Approach PhD Thesis
Technical University of Berlin, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 2003, (Doctoral Dissertation).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, multicast
@phdthesis{Festag:PhD:2003,
title = {Mobility Support in IP Cellular Networks – A Multicast-Based Approach},
author = {A. Festag},
url = {https://d-nb.info/968081320/34},
doi = {10.14279/depositonce-784},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-07-08},
urldate = {2003-07-08},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
school = {Technical University of Berlin, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences},
abstract = {Today's cellular communication networks offer seamless mobility support but are based on a homogeneous networking technology and a complex voice-oriented networking infrastructure. The Internet technology is expected to cause a paradigm shift in cellular communication networks. Mobile IP is the classical solution to support host mobility, but faces a number of disadvantages, including triangular routing and its effect on protocol overhead and end-to-end delays, router ingress filtering, and handover performance. In the dissertation a different approach is pursued that solves the general mobility problem by means of group communication (multicast). In principle, it utilizes the capability of multicast for location-independent addressing and routing, but poses a number of challenges, including the fact that not all mobility functions are offered by the multicast, as well as the open problems of the multicast as it exists in today fixed networks, and problems that arise through the usage of multicast for mobility support, such as the scalability with the number of multicast groups. A few proposals in this area have already been made with different motivations, requirements, and assumptions about the networking architecture. In this dissertation the requirements for multicast-based support of host mobility are identified, as well as mobility functions and basic protocol options elaborated. The three components create a framework for the system and protocol design of multicast-based mobility support that is termed MOMBASA (Mobility Support – A Multicast-Based Approach). The framework is used to judge existing research approaches and serves as a basis to design new schemes and modify existing ones. Four case studies are derived from the framework based on the Any-Source Multicast, the current multicast standard in the Internet, as well as alternative service models. For these case studies a set of protocols are designed that augments the multicast schemes by mobility functions. The methodology of investigation is a combined approach of measurements, simulation, and analysis. For experimental investigation the MOMBASA Software Environment is developed – a generic software platform for experimentation with multicast-based mobility support in IP-based networks. The software environment offers an abstract interface to the multicast, and hence can be used for future investigations of different classes and types of multicast. The MOMBASA Software Environment is part of the evaluation environment that allows to investigate the selected case studies in a common experimental environment under comparable conditions. The results of the dissertation show the feasibility of a mobile communication system with multicast-based mobility support providing the full spectrum of IP services. Potential problems of multicast-based mobility support (e.g. lack of a reliable transport service for multicast, and others) can be avoided. The dissertation presents results of the performance evaluation for handover. Scalability issues are addressed, in particular the signaling costs in a system with multicast-based mobility support determined. All results are compared with the reference case Mobile IP and its hierarchical variant.},
note = {Doctoral Dissertation},
keywords = {mobile communication, multicast},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Today's cellular communication networks offer seamless mobility support but are based on a homogeneous networking technology and a complex voice-oriented networking infrastructure. The Internet technology is expected to cause a paradigm shift in cellular communication networks. Mobile IP is the classical solution to support host mobility, but faces a number of disadvantages, including triangular routing and its effect on protocol overhead and end-to-end delays, router ingress filtering, and handover performance. In the dissertation a different approach is pursued that solves the general mobility problem by means of group communication (multicast). In principle, it utilizes the capability of multicast for location-independent addressing and routing, but poses a number of challenges, including the fact that not all mobility functions are offered by the multicast, as well as the open problems of the multicast as it exists in today fixed networks, and problems that arise through the usage of multicast for mobility support, such as the scalability with the number of multicast groups. A few proposals in this area have already been made with different motivations, requirements, and assumptions about the networking architecture. In this dissertation the requirements for multicast-based support of host mobility are identified, as well as mobility functions and basic protocol options elaborated. The three components create a framework for the system and protocol design of multicast-based mobility support that is termed MOMBASA (Mobility Support – A Multicast-Based Approach). The framework is used to judge existing research approaches and serves as a basis to design new schemes and modify existing ones. Four case studies are derived from the framework based on the Any-Source Multicast, the current multicast standard in the Internet, as well as alternative service models. For these case studies a set of protocols are designed that augments the multicast schemes by mobility functions. The methodology of investigation is a combined approach of measurements, simulation, and analysis. For experimental investigation the MOMBASA Software Environment is developed – a generic software platform for experimentation with multicast-based mobility support in IP-based networks. The software environment offers an abstract interface to the multicast, and hence can be used for future investigations of different classes and types of multicast. The MOMBASA Software Environment is part of the evaluation environment that allows to investigate the selected case studies in a common experimental environment under comparable conditions. The results of the dissertation show the feasibility of a mobile communication system with multicast-based mobility support providing the full spectrum of IP services. Potential problems of multicast-based mobility support (e.g. lack of a reliable transport service for multicast, and others) can be avoided. The dissertation presents results of the performance evaluation for handover. Scalability issues are addressed, in particular the signaling costs in a system with multicast-based mobility support determined. All results are compared with the reference case Mobile IP and its hierarchical variant.
9.
Fu, X.; Chen, T.; Festag, A.; Karl, H.; Schäfer, G.; Fan, C.
Secure, QoS-enabled Mobility Support for IP-based Networks Proceedings Article
In: IP Based Cellular Network Conference (IPCN), Paris, France, 2003.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: handover, mobile communication
@inproceedings{Fu:IPCN:2003,
title = {Secure, QoS-enabled Mobility Support for IP-based Networks},
author = {X. Fu and T. Chen and A. Festag and H. Karl and G. Schäfer and C. Fan},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2003_Fu_ICPN.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-05-24},
urldate = {2003-05-24},
booktitle = {IP Based Cellular Network Conference (IPCN)},
address = {Paris, France},
abstract = {Abstract-The rising number of mobile users, the advent of various radio access technologies, and the increasing importance of IP services over wireless as well as wired networks pose a number of new challenges. While Mobile IP has been designed for mobility management in IP networks, it may result in high latency and signaling overhead during handoff. Thus, advanced mobility mechanisms improving Mobile IP are desired to perform efficient handoffs. Also, appropriate Quality-of-Service (QoS) support is needed for mobility-enhanced IP in order to meet end users' expectations. Furthermore, security measures are required to protect the network infrastructure. This paper describes the Secure, QoS-enabled Mobility (SeQoMo) architecture addressing these issues. In particular, optimization of handoff operations, low-latency QoS re-establishment for IP-level handoff, authentication, and QoS-aware authorization for mobile nodes are investigated and integrated in a unified framework. We also describe how the SeQoMo architecture as a whole supports efficient handoff processing especially during local movements, with optimized QoS support and authentication and QoS-aware authorization services.},
keywords = {handover, mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Abstract-The rising number of mobile users, the advent of various radio access technologies, and the increasing importance of IP services over wireless as well as wired networks pose a number of new challenges. While Mobile IP has been designed for mobility management in IP networks, it may result in high latency and signaling overhead during handoff. Thus, advanced mobility mechanisms improving Mobile IP are desired to perform efficient handoffs. Also, appropriate Quality-of-Service (QoS) support is needed for mobility-enhanced IP in order to meet end users' expectations. Furthermore, security measures are required to protect the network infrastructure. This paper describes the Secure, QoS-enabled Mobility (SeQoMo) architecture addressing these issues. In particular, optimization of handoff operations, low-latency QoS re-establishment for IP-level handoff, authentication, and QoS-aware authorization for mobile nodes are investigated and integrated in a unified framework. We also describe how the SeQoMo architecture as a whole supports efficient handoff processing especially during local movements, with optimized QoS support and authentication and QoS-aware authorization services.
10.
Festag, A.; Karl, H.; Wolisz, A.
Classification and Evaluation of Multicast-based Mobility Support in All-IP Cellular Networks Proceedings Article
In: KiVS 2003, pp. 233-244, Leipzig, Germany, 2003.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:KiVS:2003,
title = {Classification and Evaluation of Multicast-based Mobility Support in All-IP Cellular Networks},
author = {A. Festag and H. Karl and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2003_Festag_KIVS.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-02-25},
urldate = {2003-02-25},
booktitle = {KiVS 2003},
pages = {233-244},
address = {Leipzig, Germany},
abstract = {To solve the IP mobility problem the use of multicast has been proposed in a number of different approaches, applying multicast in different characteristic ways. In this paper we provide a framework to classify such approaches by analyzing requirements, options for using multicast protocols, and mobility functionalities augmenting the multicast. Within this framework we identify promising combinations of mechanisms and derive four classes of multicast protocols. These classes include both the standard any-source IP multicast model as well as non-standard multicast models. In particular, the use of source-specific multicast is a new approach to support mobility and turns out to be especially beneficial. The paper describes a corresponding network architecture and a flexible software environment that allows to easily implement these and other classes of mobility-supporting multicast protocols. Based on this software environment, an implemented prototype and measurements quantify handover-specific metrics, namely handover and paging latency and packet loss and duplication rates, showing that a multicast-based mobility solution has comparable performance to standard Mobile IP/hierarchical Mobile IP. Moreover, it is shown that a non-standard multicast model has reduced implementation and deployment complexity and security risks than a standard multicast model.},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
To solve the IP mobility problem the use of multicast has been proposed in a number of different approaches, applying multicast in different characteristic ways. In this paper we provide a framework to classify such approaches by analyzing requirements, options for using multicast protocols, and mobility functionalities augmenting the multicast. Within this framework we identify promising combinations of mechanisms and derive four classes of multicast protocols. These classes include both the standard any-source IP multicast model as well as non-standard multicast models. In particular, the use of source-specific multicast is a new approach to support mobility and turns out to be especially beneficial. The paper describes a corresponding network architecture and a flexible software environment that allows to easily implement these and other classes of mobility-supporting multicast protocols. Based on this software environment, an implemented prototype and measurements quantify handover-specific metrics, namely handover and paging latency and packet loss and duplication rates, showing that a multicast-based mobility solution has comparable performance to standard Mobile IP/hierarchical Mobile IP. Moreover, it is shown that a non-standard multicast model has reduced implementation and deployment complexity and security risks than a standard multicast model.
11.
Festag, A.; Westhoff, L.; Wolisz, A.
The MOMBASA Software Environment –- A Toolkit for Performance Evaluation of Multicast-Based Mobility Support in IP Networks Proceedings Article
In: Performance Tools, pp. 212-219, London, GB, 2002.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:PerfTools:2002,
title = {The MOMBASA Software Environment –- A Toolkit for Performance Evaluation of Multicast-Based Mobility Support in IP Networks},
author = {A. Festag and L. Westhoff and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2002_Festag_PerfTools.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-04-14},
urldate = {2002-04-14},
booktitle = {Performance Tools},
pages = {212-219},
address = {London, GB},
abstract = {The MOMBASA Software Environment is a toolkit that implements mobility-related functionalities complementing multicast protocols for multicast-based mobility support. The functionalities provided by the MOMBASA Software Environment include detection of link availability, registration, location update, paging, address translation, handoff initiation, handoff control, rerouting, prevention of handoff oscillation and inactive handoff suppression. The MOMBASA Software Environment is targeted for researchers investigating the support of host mobility in IP-based cellular networks. It aims at performance evaluation of mobility support by means of measurements. The software is easy to maintain, to configure and to extend: a) It has a clear design, b) it provides well-defined configuration and management interfaces, c) policies can be used to control and tune the system behavior and d) it has a generic interface to the multicast which facilitates to investigate multicast protocols of different types. This paper describes the functionalities, features and structure of the MOMBASA Software Environment and presents a framework for evaluating the performance of mobility support using the MOMBASA Software Environment. The MOMBASA Software Environment is open software under GNU Public License. It is freely available, extensively tested and well documented.},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The MOMBASA Software Environment is a toolkit that implements mobility-related functionalities complementing multicast protocols for multicast-based mobility support. The functionalities provided by the MOMBASA Software Environment include detection of link availability, registration, location update, paging, address translation, handoff initiation, handoff control, rerouting, prevention of handoff oscillation and inactive handoff suppression. The MOMBASA Software Environment is targeted for researchers investigating the support of host mobility in IP-based cellular networks. It aims at performance evaluation of mobility support by means of measurements. The software is easy to maintain, to configure and to extend: a) It has a clear design, b) it provides well-defined configuration and management interfaces, c) policies can be used to control and tune the system behavior and d) it has a generic interface to the multicast which facilitates to investigate multicast protocols of different types. This paper describes the functionalities, features and structure of the MOMBASA Software Environment and presents a framework for evaluating the performance of mobility support using the MOMBASA Software Environment. The MOMBASA Software Environment is open software under GNU Public License. It is freely available, extensively tested and well documented.
12.
Festag, A.
Mobility Support in IP-Based Networks – A Multicast-Based Approach Proceedings Article
In: 8th Workshop of HP Openview University Association, Berlin, Germany, 2001.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:HP-OVUA:2001,
title = {Mobility Support in IP-Based Networks – A Multicast-Based Approach},
author = {A. Festag},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2000_Festag_HP-OVUA.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-06-24},
urldate = {2001-06-24},
booktitle = {8th Workshop of HP Openview University Association},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
13.
Festag, A.; Wolisz, A.
Performance Evaluation of Mobile IP: Investigating the Concept of Hierarchical Foreign Agents Proceedings Article
In: Mobility for All-IP Networks – Mobile IP (MAIN), Berlin, Germany, 2001.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:MAIN:2001,
title = {Performance Evaluation of Mobile IP: Investigating the Concept of Hierarchical Foreign Agents},
author = {A. Festag and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2001_Festag_MAIN.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-04-26},
urldate = {2001-04-26},
booktitle = {Mobility for All-IP Networks – Mobile IP (MAIN)},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
14.
Festag, A.; Wolisz, A.
MOMBASA: Mobility Support -– A Multicast-Based Approach Proceedings Article
In: European Wireless, Dresden, Germany, 2000.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:EW:2000,
title = {MOMBASA: Mobility Support -– A Multicast-Based Approach},
author = {A. Festag and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2000_Festag_EuropWireless.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-09-12},
urldate = {2000-09-12},
booktitle = {European Wireless},
address = {Dresden, Germany},
abstract = {In general IP multicast supports location-independent addressing and routing for a group of hosts. This ability is similar to the requirement for mobility support in IP-based networks though in a different context. MOMBASA stands for ``MObility support – a Multicast BASed Approach''. It is intended to utilise multicast in order to support network level mobility. The basic mechanism of a multicast-based handover can be composed of a multicast join- and leave-operation of the new and old multicast router, respectively. Additionally to the basic mechanism, MOMBASA investigates extended multicast functionalities which improves the handover in terms of the handover latency, the management of the multicast group and adaptation of the multicast data traffic to the wireless transmission capabilities. In particular the extended multicast functionalities are useful for vertical handover. Unfortunately today's IP multicast suffers from scalability problems and is not generally available. Nevertheless it is commonly expected that the future Internet will provide an optimised multicast. MOMBASA works out the requirements of handover on future multicast protocols and investigates alternate IP-style multicast protocols. As a first approach a multicast protocol is considered which realises a dynamic multipoint-to-multipoint communication in switched networks. An experimental handover testbed is set up which proofs the basic approach and provides extended multicast functionalities. The testbed is described and performance results are given. Other IP-style multicast protocol will be investigated in further steps.},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In general IP multicast supports location-independent addressing and routing for a group of hosts. This ability is similar to the requirement for mobility support in IP-based networks though in a different context. MOMBASA stands for ``MObility support – a Multicast BASed Approach''. It is intended to utilise multicast in order to support network level mobility. The basic mechanism of a multicast-based handover can be composed of a multicast join- and leave-operation of the new and old multicast router, respectively. Additionally to the basic mechanism, MOMBASA investigates extended multicast functionalities which improves the handover in terms of the handover latency, the management of the multicast group and adaptation of the multicast data traffic to the wireless transmission capabilities. In particular the extended multicast functionalities are useful for vertical handover. Unfortunately today's IP multicast suffers from scalability problems and is not generally available. Nevertheless it is commonly expected that the future Internet will provide an optimised multicast. MOMBASA works out the requirements of handover on future multicast protocols and investigates alternate IP-style multicast protocols. As a first approach a multicast protocol is considered which realises a dynamic multipoint-to-multipoint communication in switched networks. An experimental handover testbed is set up which proofs the basic approach and provides extended multicast functionalities. The testbed is described and performance results are given. Other IP-style multicast protocol will be investigated in further steps.
15.
Festag, A.; Assimakopoulos, T.; Westhoff, L.; Wolisz, A.
Rerouting for Handover in Mobile Networks with Connection-Oriented Backbones: An Experimental Testbed Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (ICATM), pp. 491-499, Heidelberg, Germany, 2000.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, multicast
@inproceedings{Festag:ICATM:2000,
title = {Rerouting for Handover in Mobile Networks with Connection-Oriented Backbones: An Experimental Testbed},
author = {A. Festag and T. Assimakopoulos and L. Westhoff and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/856700},
doi = {10.1109/HPSR.2000.856700},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-06-26},
urldate = {2002-08-06},
booktitle = {IEEE Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (ICATM)},
pages = {491-499},
address = {Heidelberg, Germany},
abstract = {The rerouting of connections for handover in a broadband mobile cellular network is investigated. We address networks with a connection-oriented backbone, which supports quality-of-service (QoS). Moreover it is assumed an IP-style multicast on top of the connection-oriented network. We advocate to utilize the IP-style multicast in order to reroute connections for handover. Three rerouting schemes are proposed, which are based on the IP-style multicast. One of the schemes realizes a predictive approach, where a call is pre-established to potential new base stations by setting up a multicast tree with neighboring base stations as leaf nodes. This approach reduces the handover latency caused by rerouting to an absolute minimum and improves communication with strict time constraints and frequent handover. For experimental investigations of the rerouting schemes a testbed is set up, which is based on an open, non-proprietary, experimental networking environment. Its signaling software offers a direct many-to-many communication, rather than requiring one-to-many overlays and the switching hardware supports scalable and efficient multicast by cell-recycling. The testbed is performance evaluation of the rerouting scheme.},
keywords = {mobile communication, multicast},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The rerouting of connections for handover in a broadband mobile cellular network is investigated. We address networks with a connection-oriented backbone, which supports quality-of-service (QoS). Moreover it is assumed an IP-style multicast on top of the connection-oriented network. We advocate to utilize the IP-style multicast in order to reroute connections for handover. Three rerouting schemes are proposed, which are based on the IP-style multicast. One of the schemes realizes a predictive approach, where a call is pre-established to potential new base stations by setting up a multicast tree with neighboring base stations as leaf nodes. This approach reduces the handover latency caused by rerouting to an absolute minimum and improves communication with strict time constraints and frequent handover. For experimental investigations of the rerouting schemes a testbed is set up, which is based on an open, non-proprietary, experimental networking environment. Its signaling software offers a direct many-to-many communication, rather than requiring one-to-many overlays and the switching hardware supports scalable and efficient multicast by cell-recycling. The testbed is performance evaluation of the rerouting scheme.
16.
Assimakopoulos, T.; Festag, A.; Fitzek, F.; Irmer, S.; Wolisz, A.
Integrated Broadband Mobile System (IBMS) Demonstrator Concept Proceedings Article
In: ACTS Mobile Communications Summit, pp. 365-370, Sorrento, Italy, 1999.
BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, wireless communication
@inproceedings{Assimakopoulos:MobileCommSummm:1999,
title = {Integrated Broadband Mobile System (IBMS) Demonstrator Concept},
author = {T. Assimakopoulos and A. Festag and F. Fitzek and S. Irmer and A. Wolisz},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-06-08},
urldate = {1999-06-08},
booktitle = {ACTS Mobile Communications Summit},
pages = {365-370},
address = {Sorrento, Italy},
keywords = {mobile communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
17.
Festag, A.; Fitzek, F.; Wolisz, A.
WATM Testbed for Handover Experiments and Measurements Proceedings Article
In: Workshop Wireless Broadband In-House Digital Networks, Ulm, Germany, 1998.
BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, wireless communication
@inproceedings{Festag:WirelBroadbInHouseDigNet:1998,
title = {WATM Testbed for Handover Experiments and Measurements},
author = {A. Festag and F. Fitzek and A. Wolisz},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-31},
booktitle = {Workshop Wireless Broadband In-House Digital Networks},
address = {Ulm, Germany},
keywords = {mobile communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
18.
Festag, A.; Weinmiller, J.; Wolisz, A.
Interconnection of Wireless Cells -– a Multicast-Based Approach Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC), San Diego, CA, USA, 1997.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication, wireless communication
@inproceedings{Festag:ICUPC:1997,
title = {Interconnection of Wireless Cells -– a Multicast-Based Approach},
author = {A. Festag and J. Weinmiller and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/1997_Festag_ICUPC.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ICUPC.1997.627225},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-10-12},
urldate = {2002-08-06},
booktitle = {International Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC)},
address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
abstract = {This paper presents a solution to interconnect wireless cells to reach common LAN-dimensions. The protocol uses multicast to support fast handover in the presence of mobility in a local environment. The approach is strictly connectionless. A performance evaluation points out the benefits gained by using the multicast and estimates the drawbacks induced by the connectionless approach and by buffering.},
keywords = {mobile communication, wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper presents a solution to interconnect wireless cells to reach common LAN-dimensions. The protocol uses multicast to support fast handover in the presence of mobility in a local environment. The approach is strictly connectionless. A performance evaluation points out the benefits gained by using the multicast and estimates the drawbacks induced by the connectionless approach and by buffering.
19.
Bronzel, M.; Hunold, D.; Fettweis, G.; Konschak, T.; Dölle, T.; Brankovic, V.; Alikhani, H.; Ebert, J. P.; Festag, A.; Fitzek, F.; Wolisz, A.
Integrated Broadband Mobile System (IBMS) featuring Wireless ATM Proceedings Article
In: ACTS Mobile Communication Summit, Aalborg, Denmark, 1997.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:MobileComSummit:1997,
title = {Integrated Broadband Mobile System (IBMS) featuring Wireless ATM},
author = {M. Bronzel and D. Hunold and G. Fettweis and T. Konschak and T. Dölle and V. Brankovic and H. Alikhani and J. P. Ebert and A. Festag and F. Fitzek and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/1997_Festag_MobileComSummit.pdf},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-10-07},
urldate = {1997-10-07},
booktitle = {ACTS Mobile Communication Summit},
address = {Aalborg, Denmark},
abstract = {IBMS is a concept for future mobile communication systems to provide a large range of data rates with different degrees of mobility. The integration of heterogeneous services and communication systems requires a common Network Access and Connectivity CHannel (NACCH) for basic signaling to provide permanent network access. Smart Antennas are utilized to adaptively enable a trade-off between mobility and data rate.},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
IBMS is a concept for future mobile communication systems to provide a large range of data rates with different degrees of mobility. The integration of heterogeneous services and communication systems requires a common Network Access and Connectivity CHannel (NACCH) for basic signaling to provide permanent network access. Smart Antennas are utilized to adaptively enable a trade-off between mobility and data rate.
20.
Festag, A.; Weinmiller, J.; Wolisz, A.
Handover Protocol for Interconnecting Wireless Cells Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (IEEE LANMAN), Berlin/Potsdam, Germany, 1996.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: mobile communication
@inproceedings{Festag:LANMAN:1996,
title = {Handover Protocol for Interconnecting Wireless Cells},
author = {A. Festag and J. Weinmiller and A. Wolisz},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/1996_Festag_LANMAN.pdf},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-04-04},
urldate = {1996-04-04},
booktitle = {IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (IEEE LANMAN)},
address = {Berlin/Potsdam, Germany},
keywords = {mobile communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}