Publications
1.
Leinmüller, T.; Spaanderman, P.; Festag, A.
Next Steps for Multi-channel Operation in EU V2X Systems Proceedings Article
In: 23rd ITS World Congress and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Leinmueller:ITSWC:2016,
title = {Next Steps for Multi-channel Operation in EU V2X Systems},
author = {T. Leinmüller and P. Spaanderman and A. Festag},
url = {https://www.itsworldcongress2016.com},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-10-10},
urldate = {2016-10-10},
booktitle = {23rd ITS World Congress and Exhibition},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
abstract = {Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) operating in the 5 GHz band in Europe is expected to use only a single communication channel during initial deployment phase. The initial deployment is focused on a limited set of applications assuming a rather small equipment rate of vehicles and road side stations. Current efforts spent on future C-ITS application research indicate considerable growth of C-ITS penetration in following years. The increasing C-ITS penetration rate and the introduction of novel applications will result in growing demand of communication bandwidth that can be addressed by utilizing multiple radio communication channels in parallel. This paper discusses requirements for multi-channel operation (MCO) in European C-ITS, analyzes boundary conditions in the designated frequency bands, presents a concept for offloading and backloading information from congested communication channels, and describes extensions to the GeoNetworking protocol to support MCO.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) operating in the 5 GHz band in Europe is expected to use only a single communication channel during initial deployment phase. The initial deployment is focused on a limited set of applications assuming a rather small equipment rate of vehicles and road side stations. Current efforts spent on future C-ITS application research indicate considerable growth of C-ITS penetration in following years. The increasing C-ITS penetration rate and the introduction of novel applications will result in growing demand of communication bandwidth that can be addressed by utilizing multiple radio communication channels in parallel. This paper discusses requirements for multi-channel operation (MCO) in European C-ITS, analyzes boundary conditions in the designated frequency bands, presents a concept for offloading and backloading information from congested communication channels, and describes extensions to the GeoNetworking protocol to support MCO.
2.
Festag, A.
Standards for Vehicular Communication - From IEEE 802.11p to 5G Journal Article
In: e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Springer Verlag, vol. 132, no. 7, pp. 409-416, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@article{Festag:EISpringer:2015,
title = {Standards for Vehicular Communication - From IEEE 802.11p to 5G},
author = {A. Festag},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00502-015-0343-0},
doi = {10.1007/s00502-015-0343-0},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-29},
urldate = {2015-09-29},
journal = {e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Springer Verlag},
volume = {132},
number = {7},
pages = {409-416},
abstract = {Standardization for wireless vehicular communication ensures, as in other domains, interoperability, supports regulations and legislation, and creates larger markets. For the initial deployment of vehicular communication, consistent sets of standards have been created, commonly named C-ITS in Europe and DSRC in the U.S., both relying on the WiFi standard IEEE 802.11. These initial standard sets specify vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication and enable applications primarily for driver information and warnings. The article provides an overview of the key C-ITS and DSRC protocols from a standardization perspective. The article analyzes automated driving as the potential new application domain for vehicular communication, discusses its requirements on communication, and derives potential directions for future releases of the vehicular communication standards.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Standardization for wireless vehicular communication ensures, as in other domains, interoperability, supports regulations and legislation, and creates larger markets. For the initial deployment of vehicular communication, consistent sets of standards have been created, commonly named C-ITS in Europe and DSRC in the U.S., both relying on the WiFi standard IEEE 802.11. These initial standard sets specify vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication and enable applications primarily for driver information and warnings. The article provides an overview of the key C-ITS and DSRC protocols from a standardization perspective. The article analyzes automated driving as the potential new application domain for vehicular communication, discusses its requirements on communication, and derives potential directions for future releases of the vehicular communication standards.
3.
Festag, A.
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Standards in Europe Journal Article
In: IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 12, no. 52, pp. 166-172, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@article{Festag:ComMag:2014,
title = {Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Standards in Europe},
author = {A. Festag},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6979970},
doi = {10.1109/MCOM.2014.6979970},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-12-11},
urldate = {2014-12-11},
journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine},
volume = {12},
number = {52},
pages = {166-172},
abstract = {Information exchange among vehicles, and between vehicles and the roadside infrastructure is commonly regarded as a base technology to sustainably reduce road accidents and improve traffic efficiency. After more than a decade of research and development efforts, a technological basis has been established that applies WiFi-based, wireless communication in the 5.9 GHz frequency band, ad hoc communication and dedicated message sets, as well as management and security procedures. In Europe, Release 1 of standards for cooperative systems has been completed, indicating deployment of a basic system starting in 2015. This article provides a comprehensive overview of standards and complementary industry specifications for cooperative systems in Europe, covering relevant aspects of access technologies, network and transport protocols, facilities, applications, security, and management.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Information exchange among vehicles, and between vehicles and the roadside infrastructure is commonly regarded as a base technology to sustainably reduce road accidents and improve traffic efficiency. After more than a decade of research and development efforts, a technological basis has been established that applies WiFi-based, wireless communication in the 5.9 GHz frequency band, ad hoc communication and dedicated message sets, as well as management and security procedures. In Europe, Release 1 of standards for cooperative systems has been completed, indicating deployment of a basic system starting in 2015. This article provides a comprehensive overview of standards and complementary industry specifications for cooperative systems in Europe, covering relevant aspects of access technologies, network and transport protocols, facilities, applications, security, and management.
4.
Costa-Pérez, X.; Festag, A.; Kolbe, H. -J.; Quittek, J.; Schmid, S.; Stiemerling, M.; Swetina, J.; Veen, H.
Latest Trends in Telecommunication Standards Journal Article
In: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review Archive, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 64-71, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: communication, standardization
@article{CostaPerez:CompCommReview:2013,
title = {Latest Trends in Telecommunication Standards},
author = {X. Costa-Pérez and A. Festag and H. -J. Kolbe and J. Quittek and S. Schmid and M. Stiemerling and J. Swetina and H. Veen},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2479957.2479968},
doi = {10.1145/2479957.2479968},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-04-29},
urldate = {2013-04-29},
journal = {ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review Archive},
volume = {43},
number = {2},
pages = {64-71},
abstract = {Standardization organizations play a major role in the telecommunications industry to guarantee interoperability between vendors and allow for a common ground where all players can voice their opinion regarding the direction the industry should follow. In this paper we review the current activities in some of the most relevant standardization bodies in the area of communication networks: 3GPP, IEEE 802.11, BBF, IETF, ONF, ETSI ISG NFV, oneM2M and ETSI TC ITS. Major innovations being developed in these bodies are summarized describing the most disruptive directions taken and expected to have a remarkable impact in future networks. Finally, some trends common among different bodies are identified covering different dimensions: i) core technology enhancements, ii) inter-organizations cooperation for convergence, iii) consideration of raising disruptive technical concepts, and iv) expanding into emerging use cases aiming at an increase of future market size.},
keywords = {communication, standardization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Standardization organizations play a major role in the telecommunications industry to guarantee interoperability between vendors and allow for a common ground where all players can voice their opinion regarding the direction the industry should follow. In this paper we review the current activities in some of the most relevant standardization bodies in the area of communication networks: 3GPP, IEEE 802.11, BBF, IETF, ONF, ETSI ISG NFV, oneM2M and ETSI TC ITS. Major innovations being developed in these bodies are summarized describing the most disruptive directions taken and expected to have a remarkable impact in future networks. Finally, some trends common among different bodies are identified covering different dimensions: i) core technology enhancements, ii) inter-organizations cooperation for convergence, iii) consideration of raising disruptive technical concepts, and iv) expanding into emerging use cases aiming at an increase of future market size.
5.
Festag, A.; Le, L.; Goleva, M.
Field Operational Tests for Cooperative Systems: A Tussle Between Research, Standardization and Deployment Proceedings Article
In: ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Internetworking (ACM VANET), pp. 73–78, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Festag:VANET:2011,
title = {Field Operational Tests for Cooperative Systems: A Tussle Between Research, Standardization and Deployment},
author = {A. Festag and L. Le and M. Goleva},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2011_Festag_VANET.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/2030698.2030710},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-11-23},
urldate = {2011-11-23},
booktitle = {ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Internetworking (ACM VANET)},
pages = {73–78},
address = {Las Vegas, NV, USA},
abstract = {After a decade of research and technology development, road cooperative systems based on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure communication are currently in a trial phase. Major field operational tests (FOTs) are carried out to verify the operation of cooperative systems in real environments and assess the impact of applications on road safety, traffic efficiency as well as driver behavior and user satisfaction. Standards to achieve interoperability are developed and a potential introduction of a cooperative system is prepared. An FOT is exposed to various requirements from research, standards and deployment that are - at least partially - adverse to each other. We study the dependencies for the case of the DRIVE C2X project, a pan-European FOT for cooperative system. The paper puts the technologies used in the FoT, particularly focusing on communication, into the context of research activities for cooperative systems. We show that the FOT is based on technologies for a minimal cooperative system that is ready to be introduced and sustainably deployed. Further, we identify research concepts and technologies that did not find their way into the basic cooperative system yet and discuss potential directions for future enhancement of the minimal system.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
After a decade of research and technology development, road cooperative systems based on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure communication are currently in a trial phase. Major field operational tests (FOTs) are carried out to verify the operation of cooperative systems in real environments and assess the impact of applications on road safety, traffic efficiency as well as driver behavior and user satisfaction. Standards to achieve interoperability are developed and a potential introduction of a cooperative system is prepared. An FOT is exposed to various requirements from research, standards and deployment that are - at least partially - adverse to each other. We study the dependencies for the case of the DRIVE C2X project, a pan-European FOT for cooperative system. The paper puts the technologies used in the FoT, particularly focusing on communication, into the context of research activities for cooperative systems. We show that the FOT is based on technologies for a minimal cooperative system that is ready to be introduced and sustainably deployed. Further, we identify research concepts and technologies that did not find their way into the basic cooperative system yet and discuss potential directions for future enhancement of the minimal system.
6.
Hess, S.; Segarra, G.; Evensen, K.; Festag, A.; Weber, T.; Cadzow, S.; Arndt, M.; Wiles, A.
Towards Standards for Sustainable ITS in Europe Proceedings Article
In: ITS World Congress and Exhibition, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Hess:ITSWC:2009,
title = {Towards Standards for Sustainable ITS in Europe},
author = {S. Hess and G. Segarra and K. Evensen and A. Festag and T. Weber and S. Cadzow and M. Arndt and A. Wiles},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2009_Hess_ITSWC.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-09-21},
urldate = {2009-09-21},
booktitle = {ITS World Congress and Exhibition},
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
abstract = {Standardization is a key factor for the introduction and penetration of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). In Europe, the regulatory and technical framework for deployment and operation of ITS have been set up. The ETSI Technical Committee for Intelligent Transport Systems (ETSI TC ITS) is developing technical standards and specifications for the use of information and communication technologies by transport infrastructures, vehicles and users. This paper outlines the structure and objectives of the technical committee, describes its position among the various ITS stakeholders and presents the main work items of the committee's work groups. Focusing on automotive ITS in the first phase, the TC ITS is expected to complete a first, coherent set of technical specifications by the end of 2009. This initial ``release 1'' of ITS base standards allows for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication using 5 GHz wireless communications (ITS-G5). It covers ad hoc and IP- based networking, facilities for safety and traffic efficiency applications, security and management aspects. Future activities are expected to address a broader range of communication technologies and use cases, develop test standards, and further contribute to the technical and regulatory framework as well as to worldwide standardization and harmonization of ITS.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Standardization is a key factor for the introduction and penetration of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). In Europe, the regulatory and technical framework for deployment and operation of ITS have been set up. The ETSI Technical Committee for Intelligent Transport Systems (ETSI TC ITS) is developing technical standards and specifications for the use of information and communication technologies by transport infrastructures, vehicles and users. This paper outlines the structure and objectives of the technical committee, describes its position among the various ITS stakeholders and presents the main work items of the committee's work groups. Focusing on automotive ITS in the first phase, the TC ITS is expected to complete a first, coherent set of technical specifications by the end of 2009. This initial ``release 1'' of ITS base standards allows for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication using 5 GHz wireless communications (ITS-G5). It covers ad hoc and IP- based networking, facilities for safety and traffic efficiency applications, security and management aspects. Future activities are expected to address a broader range of communication technologies and use cases, develop test standards, and further contribute to the technical and regulatory framework as well as to worldwide standardization and harmonization of ITS.
7.
Festag, A.; Hess, S.
ETSI Technical Committee ITS: News from European Standardization for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Journal Article
In: IEEE Communication Magazine, Global Communications Newsletter, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1-4, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@article{Festag:ITSC:2009,
title = {ETSI Technical Committee ITS: News from European Standardization for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)},
author = {A. Festag and S. Hess},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5116819},
doi = {10.1109/MCOM.2009.5116819},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-06-26},
urldate = {2009-06-26},
journal = {IEEE Communication Magazine, Global Communications Newsletter},
volume = {47},
number = {6},
pages = {1-4},
abstract = {Communication is a cornerstone of future intelligent transportation systems (ITS); and standardization is a key aspect for European and worldwide deployment and usage. The European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI), well known for communication standards such as GSM, created a technical committee (TC) for ITS at the end of 2007. Generally, its mission is the creation of standards and specifications for the use of information and communication technologies in future transport systems in Europe. Most of the technical committee's ongoing standardization activities are focused on wireless communication for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Communication is a cornerstone of future intelligent transportation systems (ITS); and standardization is a key aspect for European and worldwide deployment and usage. The European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI), well known for communication standards such as GSM, created a technical committee (TC) for ITS at the end of 2007. Generally, its mission is the creation of standards and specifications for the use of information and communication technologies in future transport systems in Europe. Most of the technical committee's ongoing standardization activities are focused on wireless communication for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication.
8.
Le, L.; Zhang, W.; Festag, A.; Baldessari, R.
Analysis of Approaches for Channel Allocation in Car-to-Car Communication Proceedings Article
In: 1st International Workshop on Interoperable Vehicles (IOV), pp. 33-38, Zurich, Switzerland, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: standardization, V2X communication
@inproceedings{Le_IOT_2008,
title = {Analysis of Approaches for Channel Allocation in Car-to-Car Communication},
author = {L. Le and W. Zhang and A. Festag and R. Baldessari},
url = {https://festag-net.de/wp-content/uploads/2008_Lee_IOT.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-26},
urldate = {2009-03-26},
booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Interoperable Vehicles (IOV)},
pages = {33-38},
address = {Zurich, Switzerland},
abstract = {Car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication (C2X communication) has received considerable attention worldwide. The main goals of C2X communication are reduction of road accidents and fatalities and improvement of traffic efficiency. In Europe, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is currently leading the spectrum allocation dedicated to road safety. It is expected that 30 MHz spectrum in the range from 5.875 to 5.905 GHz will be allocated for critical road safety and traffic efficiency applications. This paper provides a detailed analysis of channel allocation for the 30-MHz spectrum dedicated to safety-related C2X communication. Our contributions are: (1) We provide a comprehensive overview of existing approaches on the usage of the 30-MHz frequency band dedicated for safety-related C2X communication. (2) We analyze advantages and disadvantages of these approaches based on an extensive set of evaluation criteria. (3) We provide a recommendation for the channel allocation of the 30-MHz frequency band dedicated for safety-related C2X communication in Europe.},
keywords = {standardization, V2X communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication (C2X communication) has received considerable attention worldwide. The main goals of C2X communication are reduction of road accidents and fatalities and improvement of traffic efficiency. In Europe, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is currently leading the spectrum allocation dedicated to road safety. It is expected that 30 MHz spectrum in the range from 5.875 to 5.905 GHz will be allocated for critical road safety and traffic efficiency applications. This paper provides a detailed analysis of channel allocation for the 30-MHz spectrum dedicated to safety-related C2X communication. Our contributions are: (1) We provide a comprehensive overview of existing approaches on the usage of the 30-MHz frequency band dedicated for safety-related C2X communication. (2) We analyze advantages and disadvantages of these approaches based on an extensive set of evaluation criteria. (3) We provide a recommendation for the channel allocation of the 30-MHz frequency band dedicated for safety-related C2X communication in Europe.